All exchange stimulates productive activity, whether exchange by gift, gambling, barter, or money transaction.
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Chapter 5, Pokernomics, p. 127Aaron C. Brown
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Money appears as measure (in Homer, e.g. oxen) earlier than as medium of exchange,because in barter each commodity is still its own medium of exchange. But it cannot be its own or its own standard of comparison.
Karl Marx
[In order to define the distinction between a grant and an exchange transaction, Boulding has used the net worth criterion] If there is no decrease in the net worth of either party, the transaction is exchange; if there is, it contains some grant element and is an explicit or implicit grant.
Kenneth Boulding
Since property here exists in the form of stock, its movement and transfer become purely a result of gambling on the stock exchange, where the little fish are swallowed by the sharks and the lambs by the stock exchange wolves.
Karl Marx
Exchange value forms the substance of money, and exchange value is wealth.
Karl Marx
Money does not arise by convention, any more than the state does. It arises out of exchange, and arises naturally out of exchange; it is a product of the same.
Karl Marx
Brown, Aaron C.
Brown, Campbell
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